2110 Study — Alphabetical


 

ST 2110 Control Panel

Setup & Monitoring Knobs by Layer

ACL

Access Control List - used to restrict traffic on individual ports to a list of MAC addresses.

Anycast Gateway

Is a default gateway design where multiple switches share the same virtual IP and MAC for a VLAN’s SVI, so each host ARPs to—and is routed by—its nearest switch; if a switch fails, hosts seamlessly use another advertising the same gateway.

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol is used to resolve network layer IP addresses into Data-Link MAC addresses.

BID

Bridge IDs. Switches still use the BID term for each switch.

Bridge

Software based, filters traffic between local networks

Cat Cable

Cat is short for Category. Indicates data rates

CAM

Content-Addressable Memory: It essentially says “which drawer has the card that reads MAC = 00:11:22:33:44:55?” You provide the value you’re looking for, and the hardware tells you the matching drawer immediately.

CIDR Calculator

Interactive subnet tool: mask, range, binary, totals; with Prev/Next blocks.

ConnectX-5 (CX-5) vs ConnectX-6

High-performance Ethernet adapters (NICs) widely used for ST 2110 media

Convergence - Switch

Switches can become confused if there are multiple paths between network segments

CS6

CS6 and EF are DSCP priority markings—CS6 is typically reserved for highest-priority network/control traffic (e.g., PTP), while EF (“Expedited Forwarding,” DSCP 46) gives latency-sensitive flows very low delay and jitter.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. The automatic assignment of IP address.

DNS

Domain Name Server provides name resolution using ARP protocol and provides the destination IP address and MAC address.

DSCP

Differentiated Services Code Point (QOS)

EF

CS6 and EF are DSCP priority markings—CS6 is typically reserved for highest-priority network/control traffic (e.g., PTP), while EF (“Expedited Forwarding,” DSCP 46) gives latency-sensitive flows very low delay and jitter.

Ethernet

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense, Multiple Access/Collision Detection), Collision Domain (CD), Broadcast Domains

Ethernet, Power Over

Power over the Ethernet (PoE)

Fiber

Single mode and multimode, fiber connector polishing types: PC, UPC, and APC

gNMI

gNMI (gRPC Network Management Interface) is a high-performance, API that lets you get/set network device state and stream telemetry using YANG-modeled paths.RPI = Remote Procedure Calls.

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System

Grafana

An open-source visualization and dashboard platform that connects to time-series and other data sources (e.g., Prometheus, Elasticsearch) to create interactive graphs, alerts, and observability dashboards.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol: lets IPv4 hosts tell their local routers/switches which multicast groups they want to join or leave so the network forwards those streams only where needed.

IP Addressing

The IP address is a 32‐bit number that represents a particular Node.

IP Class A/B/C address

A machine would look at the first bit and know this address can’t be a class A because the first bit is a one.

IP Media Routers

Near Seamless Join/Leaves

IP Range Calculator

Interactive subnet tool: mask, range, binary, totals; with Prev/Next blocks.

Media IP Setup (Mock)

IPSec

IP Security was designed for providing authentication and encryption over the internet.

JSON

JavaScript Object Notation

Jumbo frames

Jumbo frames (aka “MTU 9000”) lets interfaces carry ~9,000-byte IP packets instead of the 1,500-byte default, reducing per-packet overhead and CPU interrupts—but it must be supported end-to-end or you’ll get drops/black holes.

LAG

Link Aggregation Group - used to ensure path redundancy in stacked switches.

Mac Address

Unique Address, Consists of six bytes (48 bits).

Managed Switch

A “Managed” switch will allow VLANs to be setup, security to be implemented, and much more. The trade off is that there can be extensive setup and management duties for these switches.

MTU 9000

MTU 9000 (aka “jumbo frames”) lets interfaces carry ~9,000-byte IP packets instead of the 1,500-byte default, reducing per-packet overhead and CPU interrupts—but it must be supported end-to-end or you’ll get drops/black holes.

Multicast

A network delivery method where one sender transmits a single stream that the network efficiently replicates only to receivers that explicitly join a specific group.

NAT

Network Address Translation provides a way to separate internal use of IP addresses from the rest of the universe, a way to translate private IP addresses to public addresses.

NICs

Network Interface Card, Setup.

NTS

Network Time Security

OSFP Port

Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable is a hot-swappable transceiver slot on switches/routers/servers used for very high-speed Ethernet links

PIM-SSM

Protocol Independent Multicast – Source-Specific Multicast: builds multicast distribution trees directly from a specified source to receivers that join (S,G), eliminating rendezvous points and simplifying, securing, and speeding multicast routing.

POE

Power over the Ethernet

Prometheus

An open-source monitoring system and time-series database that pulls metrics from targets via HTTP endpoints, stores them with labels, lets you query them with PromQL, and triggers alerts (via Alertmanager); it’s often paired with Grafana for dashboards.

Proxy Server

A proxy server is an intermediary that receives your requests and forwards them to other servers on your behalf, often adding features like caching, filtering, privacy, or access control.

PTP Clocks

PTP clocks are devices (grandmasters, boundary / transparent clocks, and slaves) that exchange timestamped messages over the network so every node stays synchronized to the same precise time, typically within microseconds.

PTP Timing

PTP “announce/sync/delay intervals” are the message rates that keep a PTP domain selected and in lock

QOS

(DSCP) Differentiated Services Code Point

REST

Representational State Transfer is an architectural style for web APIs that uses simple HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) to manipulate resources identified by URLs, typically exchanging JSON and staying stateless between requests.

Rivermax

Rivermax is NVIDIA’s user-space networking SDK that leverages Mellanox ConnectX NIC offloads—zero-copy, kernel bypass, hardware pacing, and PTP timestamping—to move very high-rate RTP/UDP media efficiently. It’s commonly used for SMPTE ST 2110 / 2022-7 workflows on COTS servers, enabling deterministic, line-rate uncompressed video/audio transport.

Security

Segment media, PTP, control, and management on separate VLANs/VRFs; enforce ACLs/micro-segmentation, device access; and protect control/NMOS APIs

Snooping

Layer 2 switches don’t normally understand IP. But with IGMP Snooping, they “listen” to IGMP messages to know which ports want which multicast groups.

Spine Leaf Switch Topology

Multistage switching topology devised by Charles Clos (1952) that builds a large, near–non-blocking fabric from many small switches arranged in stages

SSM

Source-Specific Multicast: is a multicast model where receivers join a stream by specifying both the source IP and the group (S,G), letting the network build a direct tree from that source without using a rendezvous point.

ST-2059

Broadcast industry’s timing standard that turns IEEE-1588 PTP into a true “IP genlock.”

STP

Spaning Tree Protocol. Switches can become confused if there are multiple paths between network segments

Switch

Like a bridge, a switch keeps network segments broken apart to limit CDs. switches are generally hardware based ASICs.

Switch - ACL

Access Control List - used to restrict traffic on individual ports to a list of MAC addresses.

Switch - Convergence

Switches can become confused if there are multiple paths between network segments

Switch - LAG

Link Aggregation Group - used to ensure path redundancy.

Switch - Managed

A “Managed” switch will allow VLANs to be setup, security to be implemented, and much more. The trade off is that there can be extensive setup and management duties for these switches.
Sample Switch Setup GUI

Switch User Authentication

Managed switches often provide a method of authentication for traffic entering a network.

Trunking

Many switches allow a form of trunking, to move VLAN traffic associated with a VLAN on one switch to another switch with ports associated with the same VLAN.

UDP Stream Configuration

Mock up setup panel

VLANs

Virtual LANs allow switches to break up broadcast domains.

VMPS

VLAN Management Policy Server

VRF Separation

Virtual Routing and Forwarding: is a logical router instance on a device that keeps multiple routing tables separate, letting you run isolated IP networks (same subnets even) on the same hardware.

WinOF-2

NVIDIA/Mellanox’s Windows driver + networking stack for ConnectX-4/5/6 Ethernet adapters.

Wireshark Demo

Wireshark is a free, open-source packet analyzer that captures and decodes network traffic in real time, letting you filter and inspect protocols from Ethernet and IP through UDP/RTP, IGMP, SDP, and even PTP.

YANG

An IETF data modeling language used to define the structure, types, and constraints of network configuration and operational state, so controllers can manage devices consistently over NETCONF/RESTCONF using well-defined schemas (modules). Examples

UPDATED
2/21/26
V260221-1.0